{"id":12584,"date":"2018-10-24T09:48:08","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T13:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/?p=12584"},"modified":"2018-10-24T10:20:52","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T14:20:52","slug":"35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/","title":{"rendered":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>This week is the 35th anniversary of one of the biggest antiterrorism disasters in American history.\u00a0 President Reagan sent U.S. troops to Beirut in the chaotic aftermath of the 1982 Israeli invasion. 243 Marines were killed on October 23, 1983 when a lone terrorist drove a truck bomb past the poorly-guarded perimeter and detonated his vehicle in the lobby of the Marines’ headquarters.\u00a0 That debacle helped spur Reagan to withdraw U.S. troops from Lebanon. Unfortunately, Reagan and subsequent presidents later blundered more deeply into Middle East quagmires. A third of a century later, it is easier to find bomb rubble than lessons learned by US politicians.<\/p>\n

Here’s an excerpt from my 2003 book, Terrorism & Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice & Peace to Rid the World of Evil<\/a> on that terrorist attack.<\/p>\n

Counterpunch<\/strong>, October 23, 2003<\/p>\n

The Reagan Roadmap for an Antiterrorism Disaster<\/a><\/h1>\n

by<\/span> James Bovard<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

In his televised speech to the nation on September 7, President Bush declared, \u201cIn the past, the terrorists have cited the examples of Beirut and Somalia, claiming that if you inflict harm on Americans, we will run from a challenge. In this, they are mistaken.\u201d There are many parallels between the 1982-84 U.S. deployment and decimation of U.S. troops in Beirut and the current Iraqi situation. None of them bode well for the success of Operation Iraqi Freedom or the life expectancy of American troops.<\/p>\n

Few Americans remember the bitter details of one of Reagan\u2019s biggest foreign debacles. Lebanon had been wracked by a brutal civil war for seven years when, in June 1982, Israel invaded in order to crush the Palestinian Liberation Organization. U.S. troops were briefly deployed in August in Beirut to help secure a ceasefire to facilitate the withdrawal of the PLO forces to Tunisia.<\/p>\n

U.S. troops exited Beirut after the PLO withdrawal was largely completed. However, in mid-September 1982, the massacre of more than 700 Palestinian refugees threatened to plunge Lebanon into total chaos. Lebanese Christian Phalangist militia butchered residents of the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps; the militia was armed, aided, and fed by the Israeli Defense Force, which surrounded and blockaded the camps.<\/p>\n

The Lebanese government appealed to President Reagan to send American troops back into Beirut as a stabilizing factor, and Reagan quickly obliged. As fighting escalated between Christians, Muslims, Syrians, and Israelis in Lebanon, the original U.S. peacekeeping mission became a farce. The U.S. forces were training and equipping the Lebanese army, which was increasingly perceived as a pro-Christian, anti-Muslim force. (Most Lebanese are Muslim).<\/p>\n

On April 18, 1983 a delivery van pulled up to the front door of the U.S. embassy in Beirut and detonated, collapsing the building and killing 46 people (including 16 Americans) and wounding over a hundred others. The U.S. embassy was a sitting duck for the terrorist assault: unlike many other U.S. embassies in hostile environments, it had no sturdy outer wall. Newsweek noted: \u201cDelivery vehicles are supposed to go to the rear of the building. Why Lebanese police guarding the embassy driveway would have made an exception in the case of the black van remained a mystery.\u201d The attack lacked novelty value, since the Iraqi and French embassies had been wrecked by similar car bomb attacks in the preceding 18 months.<\/p>\n

Five days later, on April 23, 1983, Reagan announced to the press: \u201cThe tragic and brutal attack on our embassy in Beirut has shocked us all and filled us with grief. Yet, because of this latest crime we are more resolved than ever to help achieve the urgent and total withdrawal of all American forces from Lebanon, or I should say, all foreign forces. I\u2019m sorry. Mistake.\u201d But the actual mistake was a U.S. policy that would cost hundreds of Americans their lives.<\/p>\n

By late summer 1983, the Marines were being targeted by Muslim snipers. In the same way that some Bush administration officials are shocked by the Iraqi resistance to American troops, Reagan administration officials seemed surprised at rising attacks on American soldiers.<\/p>\n

The Reagan administration responded to sniper potshots and scattered mortar attacks on U.S. troops with a massive escalation. On September 13, Reagan authorized Marine commanders in Lebanon to call in air strikes and other attacks against the Muslims to help the Christian Lebanese army. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger vigorously opposed the new policy, fearing it would make American troops far more vulnerable. Navy ships repeatedly bombarded the Muslims over the next few weeks.<\/p>\n

At 6:20 A.M. on Sunday morning, October 23, 1983, a lone, grinning Muslim drove a Mercedes truck through a parking lot, past two Marine guard posts, through an open gate, and into the lobby of the Marine headquarters building in Beirut, where he detonated the equivalent of six tons of explosives. The explosion left a 30-foot-deep crater and killed 243 marines. A second truck bomb moments later killed 58 French soldiers.<\/p>\n

Colin Powell, who was then a major general, commented in his autobiography: \u201cSince [the Muslims] could not reach the battleship, they found a more vulnerable target, the exposed Marines at the airport.\u201d A surprise attack on a troop concentration in a combat zone does not fit most definitions of terrorism. However, Reagan perennially portrayed the attack as a terrorist incident and the American media and political establishment accepted that label.<\/p>\n

Reagan administration officials scrambled to assert that the administration was blameless. White House press spokesman Larry Speakes declared on the day of the attack that the bombing \u201cdefinitely was a difficult situation for us\u201d since \u201cpeople come out of nowhere and perform these acts.\u201d Vice President George H.W. Bush rationalized: \u201cIt\u2019s awfully hard to guard against that kind of terrorism.\u201d Defense Secretary Weinberger announced that \u201cnothing can work against a suicide attack like that, any more than you can do anything against a kamikaze flight.\u201d Actually, during World War II, the U.S. Navy quickly responded by placing rows of antiaircraft guns on the sides of its big ships.<\/p>\n

In the aftermath of the Marine barracks bombing, Reagan\u2019s creativity with the facts matched George W. Bush\u2019s Iraq tales. In a televised speech four days after the bombing, Reagan portrayed the attack as unstoppable, declaring that the truck \u201ccrashed through a series of barriers, including a chain-link fence and barbed-wire entanglements. The guards opened fire, but it was too late.\u201d Reagan claimed the attack proved the U.S. mission was succeeding: \u201cWould the terrorists have launched their suicide attacks against the multinational force if it were not doing its job? . . . It is accomplishing its mission.\u201d He warned that a U.S. withdrawal could result in the Middle East being \u201cincorporated into the Soviet bloc.\u201d Reagan also declared that the U.S. was involved in the Middle East in part to secure a \u201csolution to the Palestinian problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

Reagan sent Marine Corps commander Paul X. Kelley to Beirut. Kelley quickly announced that he was \u201ctotally satisfied\u201d with the security around the barracks at the time of the bombing. Upon returning to Washington, Kelley was summoned to Capitol Hill and bragged to Congress: \u201cIn a 13-month period, no marine billeted in the building [destroyed by the truck bomb] was killed or injured\u201d from incoming fire. Kelley inaccurately testified that the Marine guards had loaded weapons and that two of them had been killed in the attack. When congressmen persisted questioning, Kelley became enraged and shouted: \u201cWe\u2019re talking about clips in weapons, but we\u2019re not talking about the people who did it. I want to find the perpetrators. I want to bring them to justice! You have to allow me this one moment of anger.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even though there had already been numerous major car bombings in Beirut that year and scores of other suicide attacks, Kelley told the committee that the truck bombing \u201crepresents a new and unique terrorist threat, one that could not have been anticipated by any commander.\u201d Kelley denied the Marines received any warning of an impending attack. However, on the morning of Kelley\u2019s second day of testimony, the New York Times reported that the CIA specifically warned the Marines three days ahead of time that an Iranian-linked group was planning an attack against them.<\/p>\n

Other military officials involved in Lebanon also denied any culpability. Vice Admiral Edward Martin, the commander of the Sixth Fleet, declared: \u201cThe only person I can see who was responsible was the driver of that truck.\u201d Martin stressed in an interview: \u201cYou have to remember that prior to Oct. 23, there hadn\u2019t been any real terrorism threat.\u201d A New York Times investigation concluded: \u201cMarine officers in Beirut and the admirals and generals in the chain of command above them did not consider terrorism to be a primary threat even after the embassy bombing, and even though Beirut had been full of terrorists for years.\u201d<\/p>\n

Shortly after the bombing, Reagan appointed a Pentagon commission headed by retired Admiral Robert Long to investigate. The commission report, finished in mid-December 1983, concluded that military commanders in Lebanon and all the way back to Washington failed to take obvious steps to protect the soldiers. The commission suggested that many fatalities might have been prevented if guards had carried loaded weapons. The report stated that the only barrier the truck overcame was some barbed wire that it easily drove over. The commission also noted that the \u201cprevalent view\u201d among U.S. commanders was that there was a direct link between the Navy shelling of the Muslims and the truck bomb attack.<\/p>\n

When the White House saw the final version of the commission\u2019s report, they issued a stop order. The Washington Post reported that the White House \u201cdelayed release of the report for several days, allowing Reagan to respond to its criticism before it became public, and then attempted to play down its impact by vetoing a Pentagon news conference on the document.\u201dOn December 27, 1983 Reagan revealed that \u201cwe have never before faced a situation in which others routinely sponsor and facilitate acts of violence against us.\u201d Reagan sought to make the report \u201cold news\u201d: \u201cNearly all the measures that were identified by the distinguished members of the Commission have already been implemented and those that have not will be very quickly.\u201d Reagan announced that the Marine commanders in Beirut \u201chave already suffered enough\u201d and should not \u201cbe punished for not fully comprehending the nature of today\u2019s terrorist threat.\u201d Reagan then effectively declared that no one would be held accountable: \u201cIf there is to be blame, it properly rests here in this office and with this president,\u201d he announced, just before leaving Washington for a vacation in Palm Springs, California.<\/p>\n

The Reagan administration blamed its antiterrorist failures on the Carter administration. White House press spokesman Larry Speakes announced: \u201cWe don\u2019t quarrel with the fact that the CIA and other intelligence-gathering agencies have been crippled by decisions of the previous administration, and we are in the process of rebuilding capabilities. But it takes time . . . to re-establish our intelligence-gathering methods.\u201d<\/p>\n

The following September, shortly after a suicide bomber again obliterated much of the poorly-defended U.S. embassy in Beirut, Reagan blamed the debacle on Carter administration CIA cutbacks: \u201cWe\u2019re feeling the effects today of the near destruction of our intelligence capability in recent years before we came here.\u201d Reagan falsely asserted that the Carter administration had \u201cto a large extent\u201d gotten \u201crid of our intelligence agents.\u201d<\/p>\n

Reagan quietly withdrew U.S. combat troops from Beirut in early 1984. During the 1984 presidential election, the Reagan administration also responded to its Beirut debacles by attacking the patriotism of Democrats. In the vice presidential candidates debate, George H. W. Bush denounced Democratic candidate Walter Mondale and his vice presidential pick, Geraldine Ferraro: \u201cFor somebody to suggest, as our opponents have, that these men died in shame, they had better not tell the parents of those young marines.\u201d Neither Mondale nor Ferraro had said that the Marines \u201cdied in shame.\u201d Bush denounced Mondale for running a \u201cmean-spirited campaign\u201d: \u201cWe\u2019ve seen Walter Mondale take a human tragedy in the Middle East and try to turn it to personal political advantage.\u201d But Mondale\u2019s criticisms of the Reagan administration\u2019s failures in Lebanon were less strident than Reagan\u2019s criticisms of Jimmy Carter for the Iran hostage crisis during the 1980 presidential campaign.<\/p>\n

Muslims also responded to U.S. troops by seizing American hostages. Reagan sent military equipment to Iran as a means to entice the Iranians to exert pressure to get hostages released. After the \u201carms for hostages\u201d deal became public (along with the illegal funneling of the proceeds to the Nicaraguan Contras), Reagan\u2019s credibility was devastated. Reagan went into such a tailspin after the crisis broke that his new chief of staff, Howard Baker, briefly examined invoking the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to remove Reagan from office because of medical unfitness. The Tower Commission report on the debacle concluded: \u201cThe arms-for-hostages trades rewarded a regime that clearly supported terrorism and hostage-taking.\u201d<\/p>\n

The 1982-84 deployment of U.S. troops in Beirut achieved nothing. And, contrary to the arguments of today\u2019s hardliners, a larger, longer deployment would have merely boosted the number of body bags arriving at Dover Air Force base. The Israelis were far more aggressive against perceived opponents in Lebanon than were the American troops. But even the Israelis were effectively driven out of Lebanon over a decade and a half later, after failing to suppress Hezbollah and losing more than twice as many soldiers there as it lost during the 1967 Six Day War.<\/p>\n

The Reagan administration paid no political price for its Beirut debacle. Reagan and Bush Sr. succeeded in falsifying, blustering, and smearing their way out of political trouble. Now, two decades later, the only \u201clesson\u201d that seems to be recalled is to stick resolutely to floundering policies \u2013 at least until the number of dead soldiers threatens to become politically toxic.<\/p>\n

JAMES BOVARD is the author of Terrorism & Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice & Peace to Rid the World of Evil<\/a> (St. Martin\u2019s\/Palgrave MacMillan, September 2003).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This week is the 35th anniversary of one of the biggest antiterrorism disasters in American history.\u00a0 President Reagan sent U.S. troops to Beirut in the chaotic aftermath of the 1982 Israeli invasion. 243 Marines were killed on October 23, 1983 when a lone terrorist drove a truck bomb past the poorly-guarded perimeter and detonated his […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[311,247,1761,1760,1762,88,1763],"class_list":["post-12584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-beirut-bombing","tag-civil-war","tag-israel","tag-lebanon","tag-plo","tag-reagan","tag-truck-bomb"],"yoast_head":"\n35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"James Bovard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jim.bovard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jimbovard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jim\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jim\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f\"},\"headline\":\"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\\\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2329,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"beirut bombing\",\"Civil War\",\"Israel\",\"Lebanon\",\"PLO\",\"reagan\",\"truck bomb\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/\",\"name\":\"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\\\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f\"},\"description\":\"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\\\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":560},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/24\\\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\\\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"James Bovard\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f\",\"name\":\"Jim\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r\",\"caption\":\"Jim\"},\"description\":\"Bovard's homepage is at http:\\\/\\\/www.jimbovard.com He can be contacted at jim@jimbovard.com James Bovard is the author of ten books. The Wall Street Journal called Bovard \\\"the roving inspector general of the modern state\\\" and Washington Post columnist George Will called him a \\\"one-man truth squad.\\\" His 1994 book, Lost Rights: The Destruction of American Liberty, received the Free Press Association\u2019s Mencken Award as Book of the Year. His Terrorism & Tyranny won the Lysander Spooner \\\"Best Book on Liberty in 2003\\\" award. He received the Thomas Szasz Award for Civil Liberties work, awarded by the Center for Independent Thought and the Freedom Fund Award from the Firearms Civil Rights Defense Fund of the National Rifle Association. Bovard\u2019s writings have been publicly denounced by FBI director Louis Freeh, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Postmaster General, and the chiefs of the U.S. International Trade Commission, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as by many congressmen and other malcontents.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.jimbovard.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/jim.bovard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/jimbovard\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jimbovard.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard","description":"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard","og_description":"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon","og_url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/","og_site_name":"James Bovard","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jim.bovard","article_published_time":"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":560,"url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jim","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@jimbovard","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jim","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/"},"author":{"name":"Jim","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f"},"headline":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle","datePublished":"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/"},"wordCount":2329,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg","keywords":["beirut bombing","Civil War","Israel","Lebanon","PLO","reagan","truck bomb"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/","url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/","name":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle - James Bovard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg","datePublished":"2018-10-24T13:48:08+00:00","dateModified":"2018-10-24T14:20:52+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f"},"description":"This is the 35th anniv. of the biggest pre-9\/11 U.S. terrorism antiterrorism debacle which killed 243 Marines after Reagan foolishly intervened in Lebanon","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/MarineBarracksBeirut_23October1983.jpg","width":600,"height":560},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/35th-anniversary-of-biggest-pre-9-11-u-s-antiterrorism-debacle\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"35th Anniversary of Biggest Pre-9\/11 U.S. Antiterrorism Debacle"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/","name":"James Bovard","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f","name":"Jim","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","caption":"Jim"},"description":"Bovard's homepage is at http:\/\/www.jimbovard.com He can be contacted at jim@jimbovard.com James Bovard is the author of ten books. The Wall Street Journal called Bovard \"the roving inspector general of the modern state\" and Washington Post columnist George Will called him a \"one-man truth squad.\" His 1994 book, Lost Rights: The Destruction of American Liberty, received the Free Press Association\u2019s Mencken Award as Book of the Year. His Terrorism & Tyranny won the Lysander Spooner \"Best Book on Liberty in 2003\" award. He received the Thomas Szasz Award for Civil Liberties work, awarded by the Center for Independent Thought and the Freedom Fund Award from the Firearms Civil Rights Defense Fund of the National Rifle Association. Bovard\u2019s writings have been publicly denounced by FBI director Louis Freeh, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Postmaster General, and the chiefs of the U.S. International Trade Commission, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as by many congressmen and other malcontents.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.jimbovard.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jim.bovard","https:\/\/x.com\/jimbovard"],"url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12584"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12588,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12584\/revisions\/12588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}