{"id":7593,"date":"2014-10-07T11:04:40","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T15:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/?p=7593"},"modified":"2014-10-07T11:04:40","modified_gmt":"2014-10-07T15:04:40","slug":"counterpunch-civil-war-150-years-forgotten-atrocities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2014\/10\/07\/counterpunch-civil-war-150-years-forgotten-atrocities\/","title":{"rendered":"Counterpunch: The Civil War &#038; 150 Years of Forgotten Atrocities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/burning-sheridan-troops-cheering.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7594\" src=\"http:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/burning-sheridan-troops-cheering.jpg\" alt=\"burning sheridan troops cheering\" width=\"450\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/burning-sheridan-troops-cheering.jpg 690w, https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/burning-sheridan-troops-cheering-150x81.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2014\/10\/07\/the-civil-war-and-150-years-of-forgotten-us-military-atrocities\/\">COUNTERPUNCH<\/a>, October 7, 2014<\/p>\n<h3>Sheridan&#8217;s Scorched Earth Campaign<br \/>\nThe Civil War and 150 Years of Forgotten US Military Atrocities<\/h3>\n<h4>by JAMES BOVARD<\/h4>\n<p>George Orwell wrote in 1945 that \u201cthe nationalist not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, but he has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them.\u201d The same moral myopia has carried over to most Americans\u2019 understanding of the Civil War. While popular historians have recently canonized the war as a practically holy crusade to free the slaves, in reality civilians were intentionally targeted and brutalized in the final year of the war.<\/p>\n<p>The most dramatic forgotten atrocity in the Civil War occurred 150 years ago when Union Gen. Philip Sheridan unleashed a hundred mile swath of flames in the Shenandoah Valley that left vast numbers of women and childrens tottering towards starvation.\u00a0 Unfortunately, the burning of the Shenandoah Valley has been largely forgotten, foreshadowing how subsequent brutal military operations\u00a0 would also vanish into the Memory Hole.<\/p>\n<p>In August 1864, supreme Union commander Ulysses S. Grant ordered Sheridan to \u201cdo all the damage to railroads and crops you can\u2026 If the war is to last another year, we want the Shenandoah Valley to remain a barren waste.\u201d\u00a0 Sheridan set to the task with vehemence, declaring that \u201cthe people must be left nothing but their eyes to weep with over the war\u201d and promised that, when he was finished, the valley \u201cfrom Winchester to Staunton will have but little in it for man or beast.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Because people lived in a state that had seceded from the Union, Sheridan acted as if they had automatically forfeited their property, if not their lives.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some Union soldiers were aghast at their marching orders. A Pennsylvania cavalryman lamented at the end of the fiery spree: \u201cWe burnt some sixty houses and all most of the barns, hay, grain and corn in the shocks for fifty miles [south of] Strasburg\u2026 It was a hard-looking sight to see the women and children turned out of doors at this season of the year.\u201d An Ohio major wrote in his diary that the burning \u201cdoes not seem real soldierly work. We ought to enlist a force of scoundrels for such work.\u201d A newspaper correspondent embedded with Sheridan\u2019s army reported: \u201cHundreds of nearly starving people are going North . . . not half the inhabitants of the valley can subsist on it in its present condition.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>After one of Sheridan\u2019s favorite aides was shot by Confederate soldiers, Sheridan ordered his troops to burn all houses within a five mile radius. After many outlying houses had been torched, the small town at the center \u2013 Dayton &#8211;\u00a0 was spared after a federal officer disobeyed Sheridan\u2019s order. The homes and barns of Mennonites \u2013 a peaceful sect who opposed slavery and secession\u00a0 \u2013 were especially hard hit by that crackdown, according to a 1909 history of Mennonites in America.<\/p>\n<p>By the end of Sheridan\u2019s campaign, the former \u201cbreadbasket of the Confederacy\u201d could no longer even feed the women and children remaining there.\u00a0 An English traveler in 1865 \u201cfound the Valley standing empty as a moor.\u201d Historian Walter Fleming, in his classic 1919 study, The Sequel to Appomattox, quoted one bedeviled local farmer: \u201cFrom Harper\u2019s Ferry to New Market, which is about eighty miles, the country was almost a desert\u2026 . The barns were all burned; chimneys standing without houses, and houses standing without roof, or door, or window.\u201d John Heatwole, author of \u201cThe Burning: Sheridan\u2019s Devastation of the Shenandoah Valley\u201d (1998),\u00a0 concluded: \u201cThe civilian population of the Valley was affected to a greater extent than was the populace of any other region during the war, including those in the path of Sherman\u2019s infamous march to the sea in Georgia.\u201d Unfortunately, given the chaos of the era at the end of the Civil War and its immediate aftermath, there are no reliable statistics on the number of women, children, and other civilians who perished thanks to \u201cthe burning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some defenders of the Union military tactics insist that there was no intent to harshly punish civilians. But, after three years of a bloody stalemate, the Lincoln administration had adapted a total war mindset to scourge the South into submission.\u00a0 As Sheridan was finishing his fiery campaign, Gen. William Sherman wrote to Gen. Grant that \u201c[U]ntil we can repopulate Georgia, it is useless to occupy it, but the utter destruction of it\u2019s roads, houses, and people will cripple their military resources.\u201d Sherman had previously telegrammed Washington that \u201c[T]here is a class of people \u2013 men, women, and children, who must be killed or banished before you can hope for peace and order.\u201d President Lincoln congratulated both Sheridan and Sherman for campaigns that sowed devastation far and wide.<\/p>\n<p>The carnage inflicted by Sheridan, Sherman, and other northern commanders made the South\u2019s post-war recovery far slower and multiplied the misery of both white and black survivors. Connecticut College professor Jim Downs\u2019 recent book, Sick From Freedom, exposes how the chaotic situation during and after the war contributed to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of freed slaves.<\/p>\n<p>After the Civil War, politicians and many historians consecrated the conflict and its grisly tactics were consigned to oblivion.\u00a0 The habit of sweeping abusive policies under the rug also permeated post-Civil War policy towards the Indians (Sheridan famously declared \u201cthe only good Indian is a dead Indian\u201d) and the suppression of Filipino insurgents after the Spanish-American War. Later historians sometimes ignored U.S. military tactics in World War Two and Vietnam that resulted in heavy civilian casualties.<\/p>\n<p>The failure to recognize how wars routinely spawn pervasive brutality and collateral deaths lowers Americans\u2019 resistance to new conflicts that promise to make the world safe for democracy, or rid the world of evil, or achieve other lofty sounding goals. For instance, the Obama administration sold its bombing of Libya as a self-evident triumph of good over a vile despot; instead, chaos reigns in Tripoli. As the administration ramps up bombing in Syria and Iraq, both its rhetoric and its tactics echo prior U.S. misfires. <strong>The proclaimed intentions of U.S. bombing campaigns are far more important than their accuracy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Since 1864, no prudent American should have expected this nation\u2019s wars to have happy or uplifting endings<\/strong>.\u00a0 Unfortunately, as long as the spotlight is kept off atrocities, most citizens will continue to underestimate the odds that wars will spawn debacles and injustices that return to haunt us.<\/p>\n<p>James Bovard is the author of author of Public Policy Hooligan,Attention Deficit Democracy, The Bush Betrayal, Terrorism and Tyranny, and other books. More info at www.jimbovard.com; on Twitter @jimbovard<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COUNTERPUNCH, October 7, 2014 Sheridan&#8217;s Scorched Earth Campaign The Civil War and 150 Years of Forgotten US Military Atrocities by JAMES BOVARD George Orwell wrote in 1945 that \u201cthe nationalist not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, but he has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them.\u201d The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[120,331,247,7,194,469,441,420,468,424],"class_list":["post-7593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-atrocity","tag-civil-war-2","tag-civil-war","tag-dictatorship","tag-epigrams","tag-george-orwell","tag-history","tag-sheridan","tag-va","tag-virginia-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Counterpunch: The Civil War &amp; 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150 Years of Forgotten Atrocities"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/","name":"James Bovard","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/79550830ad81c14be529a2c37469974f","name":"Jim","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d95466cfd0934e38803c5035629df727ae4ec1f3f96c6883c05b5c52e2044505?s=96&d=mm&r=r","caption":"Jim"},"description":"Bovard's homepage is at http:\/\/www.jimbovard.com He can be contacted at jim@jimbovard.com James Bovard is the author of ten books. The Wall Street Journal called Bovard \"the roving inspector general of the modern state\" and Washington Post columnist George Will called him a \"one-man truth squad.\" His 1994 book, Lost Rights: The Destruction of American Liberty, received the Free Press Association\u2019s Mencken Award as Book of the Year. His Terrorism &amp; Tyranny won the Lysander Spooner \"Best Book on Liberty in 2003\" award. He received the Thomas Szasz Award for Civil Liberties work, awarded by the Center for Independent Thought and the Freedom Fund Award from the Firearms Civil Rights Defense Fund of the National Rifle Association. Bovard\u2019s writings have been publicly denounced by FBI director Louis Freeh, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Postmaster General, and the chiefs of the U.S. International Trade Commission, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as by many congressmen and other malcontents.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.jimbovard.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jim.bovard","https:\/\/x.com\/jimbovard"],"url":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7593"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7597,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7593\/revisions\/7597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}