{"id":7969,"date":"2015-02-04T17:52:03","date_gmt":"2015-02-04T22:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/?p=7969"},"modified":"2015-02-04T17:52:03","modified_gmt":"2015-02-04T22:52:03","slug":"wash-times-redneck-ethnic-cleansing-recalled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jimbovard.com\/blog\/2015\/02\/04\/wash-times-redneck-ethnic-cleansing-recalled\/","title":{"rendered":"Wash. Times: Redneck Ethnic Cleansing Recalled"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"CCC<\/a><\/p>\n

Washington Times<\/a>, February 5, 2015<\/h2>\n

Redneck ethnic cleansing recalled<\/h1>\n

by James Bovard<\/p>\n

Few things vanish from public memory more quickly than government atrocities.<\/strong> When I was growing up on a mountainside across from the Shenandoah National Park in the 1960s, no one spoke of the injustices committed against the mountaineers brutally expelled from their homes in the 1930s to create that park. Instead, all that mattered in Front Royal, Virginia, my nearby hometown and the northern entrance of the park, was that the tourists the park attracted were good for local business.<\/p>\n

Now, almost 80 years after the park was opened, more attention is finally being paid to the redneck ethnic cleansing committed by both the state and federal government. \u201cShenandoah: A Story of Conservation and Betrayal<\/strong>,\u201d by Sue Eisenfeld, a Johns Hopkins University writing instructor, beautifully captures the mountain people and the official vendetta that made them refugees from their own land.<\/p>\n

The Shenandoah National Park was erected on a pyramid of lies. The original advocates claimed that the parkland was practically uninhabited \u2014 ignoring the 15,000 people residing within the originally proposed park boundaries. They claimed the land was undeveloped, near-virgin turf \u2014 despite its long history of timber harvesting, mining and beef cattle production. They also claimed the land was worth only a trifle of its actual value and thus would be cheap to acquire.<\/p>\n

But the biggest deceits involved vilifying the mountaineers who inhabited what was then known as Virginia\u2019s \u201cGreat Mountains.\u201d Families had lived and worked on those ridges and hollows since the 1700s and flourishing communities dotted the landscape. But when they refused to vacate their land to satisfy a grand political vision, they were quickly tarred as know-nothing sociopaths.<\/p>\n

Miriam Sizer, a social worker who reported to the state of Virginia, bemoaned that children in one hollow were \u201cuncouth\u201d and \u201ctobacco-chewing.\u201d National Park Service director Arno Cammerer derided some of the mountain residents as \u201cscum.\u201d Shenandoah National Park superintendent J.R. Lassiter denounced people living in the targeted area for suffering from a lack of \u201cindependence and resourcefulness.\u201d But most of the mountaineers were doing just fine until they were plundered.<\/p>\n

Families were paid as little as a dollar an acre for land worth ten times that much. Virginia\u2019s ruling political machine was confident the new park would be a magnet for tourists, so it engineered a blanket condemnation. The land grab was spearheaded by William Carson, a wealthy businessman who orated that \u201cthere is no higher conception of duty than to feel we are of service to the State.\u201d The government could have easily bought from willing sellers most of the land along the ridges and mountain crests where the Skyline Drive, the crown jewel of the park, was built. But politicians wanted vastly more land on both sides of the mountain range.<\/p>\n

Shortly after taking office in 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt visited a Civilian Conservation Corps camp in the future Shenandoah National Park. While a CCC bugler played \u201cHappy Days Are Here Again,\u201d CCC torchbearers ignited a large effigy labeled \u201cfear\u201d and \u201cOld Man Depression.\u201d FDR cheered: \u201cThat\u2019s right, burn him up.\u201d<\/p>\n

A few years later, CCC members were sent to burn down the homes of mountaineers who refused to vacate their land \u2014 a chilling example of how FDR\u2019s \u201cfreedom from fear\u201d required giving federal agents unlimited power. The Hoover administration had promised that the vast majority of residents would not be required to vacate, but the Roosevelt administration reneged. When I often hiked the park\u2019s trails and back areas as a Boy Scout, I did not realize that some of the standalone chimneys I saw were lonely reminders of the CCC vendetta.<\/p>\n

In one case, an unsubmissive homeowner and filling station owner was ambushed by four plainclothes sheriffs and deputy sheriffs and dragged off. Ms. Eisenfeld relates how the victim, 62-year-old Melanchton Cliser, \u201cstood proudly in handcuffs and delivered a \u2018quavering rendition of the entire Star Spangled banner,\u2019 then delivered a speech about defending his rights, guaranteed by the Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution\u201d before being wrestled into a sheriff\u2019s car.<\/p>\n

The Archdeaconry of the Blue Ridge complained of the inhumane \u201cwholesale depopulation of the park area.\u201d Many of the displaced people were relocated into what Ms. Eisenfeld calls \u201can internment camp of sorts.\u201d \u201cResettlement\u201d communities were set up with boxy white houses, many of which did not include running water or electricity. And the one certainty was that the new homes lacked the million-dollar views that their tenants previously relished.<\/p>\n

The commandeering of 176,000 acres for the park provoked court battles that helped establish politicians\u2019 right to seize private property for any purpose they proclaimed. In the subsequent decades, the same legal doctrines sanctified expelling more than a million urban residents from their homes. The dictatorial creation of the Shenandoah National Park is a warning that government cannot ravage property rights without ruining lives far and wide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2022 James Bovard is the author of \u201cAttention Deficit Democracy\u201d (Palgrave, 2006) and \u201cLost Rights\u201d (St. Martin\u2019s, 1994).\u00a0 For more\u00a0 of my experiences in the Shenandoah National Park and\u00a0that neck of the woods, see Public Policy Hooligan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

* Unfortunately, I could not find any drawings or photos of C.C.C. boys carrying torches. Below is another CCC poster and one from its sister program, the Work Progress Administration (commonly referred to\u00a0as “We Poke Along”).\u00a0 I’m not sure which font that poster is using but…<\/p>\n

\"ccc<\/a>\"Work<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Washington Times, February 5, 2015 Redneck ethnic cleansing recalled by James Bovard Few things vanish from public memory more quickly than government atrocities. When I was growing up on a mountainside across from the Shenandoah National Park in the 1960s, no one spoke of the injustices committed against the mountaineers brutally expelled from their homes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[471,22,240,451,441,164,27,241,369,552,14,551,279,424,467],"class_list":["post-7969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-atrocities-2","tag-attention-deficit-democracy","tag-confiscation","tag-constitution","tag-history","tag-leviathan","tag-lying","tag-property-rights","tag-property-rights-2","tag-redneck-ethnic-cleansing","tag-rule-of-law","tag-shenandoah-national-park","tag-tyranny-2","tag-virginia-2","tag-warren-county-2"],"yoast_head":"\nWash. 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