JAMES BOVARD
HOME BOOKS BIO EPIGRAMS SPEECHES ARTICLES PHOTOS CONTACT
Wall Street Journal articles 1984-2016
Wall Street Journal: Trump Should Drain "Ag Policy Swamp"
Wall Street Journal: A Subsidy as Shameful as They Come
Wall Street Journal: Washington's Silent Shakespeare Oxymoron
: How the Feds Distort Their "Food Insecurity" Numbers
: Sheridan's 1864 Torching of the Shenandoah Valley
: Judges Approve the Great Raisin Robbery
AmeriCorps - the Folly of Feel-Good Government
A Brief History of IRS Political Targeting
How "Food for Peace" Hurts Foreign Farmers
USDA's Bizarre Billion Dollar "Discrimination" Payout
Newest Federal Crime - Not Hiring Ex-Convicts
2011-2012:
"Dairy Cliff" Proves Need to Abolish Farm Programs - December 31, 2012
Wall Street Journal: Don't Trust Feds with "Happiness Index"
Wall Street Journal: The Wrong Way to Help the Disabled
Wall Street Journal: Confessions of a One-Season Santa Claus
Wall Street Journal: Federal Job Training Wrecks Work Ethics
Wall Street Journal: Raising Hell in Subsidized Housing
Wall Street Journal: Food Stamps for Millionaires
Wall Street Journal: My Summer Road to Perdition
1984+
[partial listing of articles; cite list is at bottom of page]
"Soaring Succor for Select Businesses," Wall Street Journal, February 1, 1984.
"Military Retirement Gravy Train," Wall Street Journal, April 20, 1984.
"Free Food Bankrupts Foreign Farmers," Wall Street Journal, July 2, 1984.
"Making a Transit Delay Pay -Satire," Wall Street Journal, January 8, 1985.
"Trim Civil Service Pension Bonanza," Wall Street Journal, February 14, 1985.
"Behind the Words at World Bank," Wall Street Journal, September 30, 1985.
"U.S. Fair Trade Laws Are Anything But," Wall Street Joural, June 3, 1987.
"World Bank Confidentially Damns Itself," Wall Street Journal, September 23, 1987.
"World Bank Lip Service to Private Sector," Wall Street Journal, June 21, 1988.
"Honesty May Not Be Your Best Census Policy," Wall Street Journal, August 8, 1989.
"Our Taxing Tariff Code," Wall Street Journal, March 28, 1990.
"Apologists for the Farm Lobby," Wall Street Journal, July 24, 1990.
"How to Think Like a Congressman," Wall Street Journal, August 8, 1990.
"Customs Service's Fickle Philosophers," Wall Street Journal, July 31, 1991.
"The Second Murder of Crazy Horse," Wall Street Journal, September 15, 1992.
"Regulatory Chokehold: The IRS vs. the Self-Employed," Wall Street Journal, April 7, 1993."This Is No Way to Preserve History," Wall Street Journal, May 13, 1993.
"Regulatory Chokehold: Disabilities Law, Health Hazard," Wall Street Journal, March 23, 1994.
"The Growing IRS Dictatorship," Wall Street Journal, April 14, 1994.
"Clinton's Biggest Welfare Fraud," Wall Street Journal, May 10, 1994.
"NLRB: Union Goons' Best Friend," Wall Street Journal, June 2, 1994.
"The Latest Salvo in Clinton's Textile Trade War," Wall Street Journal, July 5, 1994.
"HUD's Wrecking Ball for the Suburbs," Wall Street Journal, August 4, 1994.
"EEOC's Latest Quota Madness," Wall Street Journal, April 27, 1995.
"The EEOC's War on Hooters," Wall Street Journal, November 17, 1995.
"The 1996 Farm Bill Fiasco?" Wall Street Journal, February 6, 1996.
"The EPA's Latest Power Grab," Wall Street Journal, October 17, 1996.
"The IRS Files," Wall Street Journal, April 11, 1997.
"The Fourth Branch of Government," Wall Street Journal, May 16, 1997.
"The Dangerous Expansion of Forfeiture Laws," Wall Street Journal, December 29, 1997.
"How the IRS Repays a Citizen's Taunt," Wall Street Journal, April 14, 1998.
"Farmers Harvest Bumper Crop in Beltway," Wall Street Journal, October 21, 1998.
Bovard Wall Street Journal article list, 1984-1998
1. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 16, 1999, Tuesday, Section A; Page 20, Column 5, 10 words, BOOKSHELF: CONTROL AND COMMAND, BY JOHN O MCGINNISS and JAMES BOVARD [Error in database; this was a WSJ review of Freedom in Chains, not a JB piece]
2. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 21, 1998, Wednesday, Section A; Page 22, Column 3, 27 words, FARMERS HARVEST BUMPER CROP IN BELTWAY, BY JAMES BOVARD
3. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 18, 1998, Tuesday, Section A; Page 22, Column
3, 41 words, WHY GOVERNMENT ISN'T WORKING, BY JAMES BOVARD
4. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 25, 1998, Thursday, Section A; Page 22, Column
3, 33 words, TRUTH IS THE CASUALTY AS CLINTON TAKES AIM AT GUNS, BY JAMES BOVARD
5. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 11, 1998, Monday, Section A; Page 20, Column 4,
20 words, THE ADVANTAGES OF PACKING PRIVATE HEAT, BY JAMES BOVARD
6. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 14, 1998, Tuesday, Section A; Page 22, Column
4, 27 words, HOW THE IRS REPAY A CITIZEN'S TAUNT, BY JAMES BOVARD
7. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 29, 1997, Monday, Section A; Page 11, Column
3, 36 words, THE DANGEROUS EXPANSION OF FORFEITURE LAWS, BY JAMES BOVARD
8. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 1, 1997, Tuesday, Section A; Page 12, Column 5,
22 words, FREE TO TRADE, BY JAMES BOVARD
9. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 16, 1997, Friday, Section A; Page 18, Column 4,
29 words, THE 'FOURTH BRANCH' OF GOVERNMENT, BY JAMES BOVARD
10. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 11, 1997, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 21 words, THE IRS FILES, BY JAMES BOVARD
11. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 11, 1997, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 21 words, THE IRS FILES, BY JAMES BOVARD
12. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 23, 1996, Monday, Section A; Page 12, Column
3, 37 words, DISARMING THOSE WHO NEED GUNS MOST, BY JAMES BOVARD
13. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 17, 1996, Thursday, Section A; Page 22, Column
3, 21 words, THE EPA'S LATEST POWER GRAB, BY JAMES BOVARD
14. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 1, 1996, Monday, Section A; Page 14, Column 3,
27 words, BUREAUCRATIC CARPET BOMBING, BY JAMES BOVARD
15. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 21, 1996, Tuesday, Section A; Page 22, Column 3,
33 words, FARM LOANS: ONLY BAD RISKS NEED APPLY, BY JAMES BOVARD
16. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 13, 1996, Wednesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 34 words, THEY CALL THIS 'VALOR', BY JAMES BOVARD
17. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 6, 1996, Tuesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 23 words, THE 1996 FARM BILL FIASCO, BY JAMES BOVARD
18. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 27, 1995, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
3, 45 words, GET A WHIFF OF THIS!, BY JAMES BOVARD
19. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 17, 1995, Friday, Section A; Page 18, Column
4, 32 words, THE EEOC'S WAR ON HOOTERS, BY JAMES BOVARD
20. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 17, 1995, Friday, Section A; Page 18, Column
4, 32 words, THE EEOC'S WAR ON HOOTERS, BY JAMES BOVARD
21. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 2, 1995, Thursday, Section A; Page 18, Column
3, 22 words, DOEL, GINGRICH AND THE BIG ETHANOL BOONDOGGLE, BY JAMES BOVARD
22. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 30, 1995, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
4, 37 words, THIS FARM PROGRAM IS JUST PLAIN NUTS, BY JAMES BOVARD
23. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 2, 1995, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
2, 43 words, HEARINGS SHOW WACO DEFENSE IS WACKY, BY JAMES BOVARD
24. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 30, 1995, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column 4,
53 words, RUBY RIDGE: THE JUSTICE REPORT, BY JAMES BOVARD
25. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 30, 1995, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column 4,
53 words, RUBY RIDGE: THE JUSTICE REPORT, BY JAMES BOVARD
26. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 22, 1995, Thursday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 52 words, THE DISABILITIES ACT'S PARADE OF ABSURDITIES, BY JAMES BOVARD
27. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 15, 1995, Monday, Section A; Page 22, Column 4,
28 words, WACO MUST GET A HEARING, BY JAMES BOVARD
28. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 27, 1995, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 63 words, THE LATEST EEOC QUOTA MADNESS, BY JAMES BOVARD
29. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 20, 1995, Monday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 66 words, HUD SOCKS SENIOR HOUSING, BY JAMES BOVARD
30. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 27, 1995, Monday, Section A; Page 13, Column
1, 28 words, THE FBI SHOULD FACE THE FACTS, BY JAMES BOVARD
31. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 10, 1995, Tuesday, Section A; Page 20, Column
3, 37 words, NO ACCOUNTABILITY AT THE FBI, BY JAMES BOVARD
32. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 8, 1994, Thursday, Section A; Page 18, Column
3, 34 words, FIRST STEP TO AN FDA CURE: DUMP KESSLER, BY JAMES BOVARD
33. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 25, 1994, Tuesday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 42 words, US HITS HAITI WITH DOUBLE WHAMMY, BY JAMES BOVARD
34. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 4, 1994, Thursday, Section A; Page 12, Column
3, 47 words, CLINTON'S WRECKING BALL FOR THE SUBURBS, BY JAMES BOVARD
35. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 5, 1994, Tuesday, Section A; Page 12, Column 3,
34 words, THE LATEST SALVO IN CLINTON'S TEXTILE TRADE WAR, BY JAMES BOVARD
36. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 2, 1994, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 44 words, UNION GOONS' BEST FRIEND..., BY JAMES BOVARD
37. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 10, 1994, Tuesday, Section A; Page 18, Column 3,
39 words, CLINTON'S BIGGEST WELFARE FRAUD, BY JAMES BOVARD
38. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 14, 1994, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 37 words, THE GROWING IRS DICTATORSHIP, BY JAMES BOVARD
39. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 23, 1994, Wednesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
4, 43 words, DISABILITIES LAW, HEALTH HAZARD, BY JAMES BOVARD
40. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 8, 1994, Tuesday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 38 words, A US HISTORY OF TRADE HYPOCRISY, BY JAMES BOVARD
41. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 11, 1994, Friday, Section A; Page 12, Column
4, 44 words, CLINTON'S FRAUDULENT TRADE POLICY, BY JAMES BOVARD
42. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 10, 1994, Monday, Section A; Page 12, Column
3, 29 words, TRADE QUOTAS BUILD NEW CHINESE WALL, BY JAMES BOVARD
43. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 6, 1994, Thursday, Section A; Page 12, Column
4, 38 words, THE ASSAULT ON ASSAULT WEAPONS, BY JAMES BOVARD
44. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 9, 1993, Thursday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 28 words, CLINTON'S DUMPING COULD SINK GATT, BY JAMES BOVARD
45. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 3, 1993, Wednesday, Section A; Page 22, Column
4, 37 words, THE GREAT TRUCK ROBBERY, BY JAMES BOVARD
46. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 15, 1993, Friday, Section A; Page 10, Column
4, 29 words, OUR WHEAT WAR WITH CANADA, BY JAMES BOVARD
47. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 23, 1993, Wednesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 41 words, STEEL RULINGS DUMP ON AMERICA, BY JAMES BOVARD
48. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 9, 1993, Wednesday, Section A; Page 12, Column
4, 27 words, THE U.S. WAR ON MACEDONIA, BY JAMES BOVARD
49. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 13, 1993, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 34 words, THIS IS NO WAY TO PRESERVE HISTORY, BY JAMES BOVARD
50. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 23, 1993, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column
4, 52 words, THE SEMICONDUCTOR PACT'S BAD EXAMPLE, BY JAMES BOVARD
51. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 7, 1993, Wednesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 40 words, THE IRS VS THE SELF-EMPLOYED, BY JAMES BOVARD
52. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 5, 1993, Friday, Section A; Page 8, Column 4,
46 words, CLINTON'S SUMMER JOBS SHAM, BY JAMES BOVARD
53. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 28, 1993, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 55 words, COMMERCE'S LATEST FAIR TRADE FRAUD, BY JAMES BOVARD
54. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 18, 1992, Friday, Section A; Page 10, Column
4, 69 words, THE GREAT FEDERAL PANTY RAID, BY JAMES BOVARD
55. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 10, 1992, Tuesday, Section A; Page 24, Column
3, 44 words, FREE TRADE, 1990S-STYLE, IS ANYTHING BUT, BY JAMES BOVARD
56. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 15, 1992, Tuesday, Section A; Page 16, Column
4, 19 words, THE SECOND MURDER OF CRAZY HORSE, BY JAMES BOVARD
57. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 8, 1992, Tuesday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 34 words, BUSH'S WHEAT WAR LEAVES MANY CASUALTIES, BY JAMES BOVARD
58. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 3, 1992, Thursday, Section A; Page 8, Column
5, 15 words, A NEW AGRICULTURAL AGENDA, BY JAMES BOVARD
59. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 11, 1992, Tuesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 30 words, A FRUITLESS MASSACRE IN CALIFORNIA, BY JAMES BOVARD
60. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 31, 1992, Friday, Section A; Page 12, Column 4,
23 words, NAFTA'S PROTECTIONIST BENT, BY JAMES BOVARD
61. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 8, 1992, Monday, Section A; Page 10, Column 3,
20 words, U.S. PROTECTIONISTS CLAIM A RUSSIAN VICTIM, BY JAMES BOVARD
62. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 27, 1992, Friday, Section A; Page 14, Column
4, 42 words, THE CUSTOM SERVICE'S CHAINSAW MASSACRE, BY JAMES BOVARD
63. WALL STREET JOURNAL, November 26, 1991, Tuesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 70 words, TORPEDO SHIPPING PROTECTIONISM, BY JAMES BOVARD
64. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 11, 1991, Friday, Section A; Page 8, Column
4, 80 words, AMERICA'S MOST HAREBRAINED IMPORT QUOTA, BY JAMES BOVARD
65. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 15, 1991, Thursday, Section A; Page 12, Column
3, 52 words, THE MOTHER OF ALL IMPORT CHARADES, BY JAMES BOVARD
66. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 31, 1991, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
4, 30 words, THE CUSTOMS SERVICE'S FICKLE PHILOSOPHERS, BY JAMES BOVARD
67. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 2, 1991, Tuesday, Section A; Page 20, Column
3, 42 words, BILLBOARD BAN: ROAD TO RUIN FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS, BY JAMES BOVARD
68. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 30, 1991, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
3, 48 words, 'ON-TIME' DELIVERY: THE GREAT MAIL FRAUD, BY JAMES BOVARD
69. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 13, 1990, Thursday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 83 words, TRADE NUTTINESS, BY JAMES BOVARD
70. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 15, 1990, Monday, Section A; Page 16, Column
3, 42 words, MEAN AMERICANS PAY MORE FOR SWEATERS, BY JAMES BOVARD
71. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 8, 1990, Wednesday, Section A; Page 10, Column
3, 30 words, HOW TO THINK LIKE A CONGRESSMAN, BY JAMES BOVARD
72. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 24, 1990, Tuesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 44 words, APOLOGISTS FOR THE FARM LOBBY, BY JAMES BOVARD
73. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 25, 1990, Monday, Section A; Page 15, Column 1,
15 words, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR, BY JAMES BOVARD
74. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 22, 1990, Tuesday, Section A; Page 20, Column 3,
79 words, WELFARE FOR MILLIONAIRE FARMERS, BY JAMES BOVARD
75. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 28, 1990, Wednesday, Section A; Page 14, Column
3, 36 words, OUR TAXING TARIFF CODE--LET THEM EAT LOBSTER, BY JAMES BOVARD
76. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 7, 1990, Wednesday, Section A; Page 19, Column
1, 32 words, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR, BY JAMES BOVARD
77. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 29, 1989, Friday, Section 1; Page 6, Column
4, 37 words, MAIL MONOPOLY SAYS HAPPY NEW YEAR, BY JAMES BOVARD
78. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 12, 1989, Thursday, Section 1; Page 17, Column
2, 15 words, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR, BY JAMES BOVARD
79. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 6, 1989, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 18, Column
3, 44 words, THE GREAT ICE CREAM WAR, BY JAMES BOVARD
80. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 8, 1989, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 10, Column
3, 29 words, HONESTY MAY NOT BE YOUR BEST CENSUS POLICY, BY JAMES BOVARD
81. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 26, 1989, Monday, Section 1; Page 8, Column 4,
57 words, LESTER, THE SKY HASN'T FALLEN, BY JAMES BOVARD
82. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 9, 1989, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 22, Column 3,
55 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
83. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 15, 1989, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 19, Column
1, 21 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
84. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 15, 1989, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 14, Column
3, 46 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
85. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 14, 1988, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 18, Column
3, 61 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
86. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 12, 1988, Friday, Section 1; Page 12, Column
4, 32 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
87. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 21, 1988, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 38, Column
3, 55 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
88. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 31, 1988, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 24, Column 3,
37 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
89. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 26, 1988, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 38, Column
4, 42 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
90. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 4, 1988, Thursday, Section 1; Page 24, Column
3, 27 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
91. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 22, 1987, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 18, Column
3, 50 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
92. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 23, 1987, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 34,
Column 3, 36 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
93. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 20, 1987, Monday, Section 1; Page 18, Column 3,
28 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
94. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 3, 1987, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
4, 12 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
95. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 6, 1987, Monday, Section 1; Page 28, Column 3,
44 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
96. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 9, 1987, Friday, Section 1; Page 20, Column
3, 36 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
97. WALL STREET JOURNAL, May 7, 1986, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
1, 23 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
98. WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 6, 1986, Thursday, Section 1; Page 24, Column
3, 38 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
99. WALL STREET JOURNAL, December 10, 1985, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
3, 22 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
100. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 30, 1985, Monday, Section 1; Page 20, Column
3, 31 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
101. WALL STREET JOURNAL, June 20, 1985, Thursday, Section 1; Page 28, Column
4, 35 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
102. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 17, 1985, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 32, Column
3, 16 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
103. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 14, 1985, Thursday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
3, 36 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
104. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 24, 1985, Thursday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
4, 48 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
105. WALL STREET JOURNAL, January 8, 1985, Tuesday, Section 1; Page 36, Column
3, 28 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
106. WALL STREET JOURNAL, October 4, 1984, Thursday, Section 1; Page 32, Column
3, 37 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
107. WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 21, 1984, Friday, Section 1; Page 30, Column
4, 28 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
108. WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 6, 1984, Monday, Section 1; Page 16, Column
3, 31 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
109. WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 2, 1984, Monday, Section 1; Page 18, Column 3,
44 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
110. WALL STREET JOURNAL, April 20, 1984, Friday, Section 1; Page 22, Column
4, 41 words, BY JAMES BOVARD
111. WALL STREET JOURNAL, February 1, 1984, Wednesday, Section 1; Page 24, Column
4, 32 words, BY JAMES BOVARD